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Quantized limit of conductivity in near-ideal graphene

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Nature Physics, Published online: 13 August 2025; doi:10.1038/s41567-025-02974-x

Transport properties near the Dirac point in graphene are expected to be determined by quantum many-body interactions between relativistic electrons. Experiments now show that the flow of charge and heat in high-quality graphene close to charge neutrality can be described within a hydrodynamic framework, with universal intrinsic electrical conductivity that is quantized to a value close to the quantum of conductance.